Glossary

Explore Key Terms.

Understand HydroNeo Smarter.

Discover essential terms and key concepts behind HydroNeo’s Smarter Solutions. While many entries are specific to HydroNeo, others offer broader industry insights to help you understand the full aquaculture and water monitoring landscape.

This glossary is your go-to guide for clear definitions, practical tips, and better insights—from initial setup to advanced optimization. No technical background required—just straightforward support, whenever you need it.

Aeration: Water in aquaculture systems receives oxygen through the addition process, maintaining a perfect environment for the survival of aquatic species. The introduction of oxygen through aeration helps protect fish health by preventing oxygen depletion while managing high-density farming conditions.

Algal Bloom: Aquatic environments experience rapid algae population growth from a nutrient surplus, mainly composed of nitrogen and phosphorus. Some algal blooms are harmless, but harmful algal blooms (HABs) can destroy oxygen levels and poison toxic marine organisms.

Algorithm: A step-by-step set of rules or instructions intended to carry out a particular task or resolve a specific issue. It can be a simple process, like following a recipe, or a complex sequence used in computer programming and artificial intelligence algorithms, which are sets of computational rules or formulas used to analyze data, automate processes, and optimize farming operations.

ความเป็นด่าง: To maintain aquaculture efficiency, the ability to neutralize acids should be considered through the presence of bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxides.

แอมโมเนีย (NH₃): Fish metabolism produces this toxic substance while organic matter decomposes in aquaculture systems. The high accumulation of ammonia in water causes stress and gill injuries in fish, ultimately leading to their death. The efficient operation of filtration systems requires close attention to reduce ammonia concentration levels.

การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล: Analytics refers to the optimization of aquacultural operations through data collection, processing, and interpretation.

Aquaculture: Aquaculture involves raising aquatic animals and cultivating aquatic plants for commercial purposes or as a food source. It is also called “the farming of water life” because it involves actively raising and managing organisms, such as shrimp, fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and aquatic plants, for food production.

Aquaponics: Aquaculture, combined with hydroponics, forms a sustainable farming method in which these systems support the growth of both fish and plants. Fish provide nourishment to plants, which in turn help filter the water for the fish.

Artificial Intelligence (AI): To minimize optimization efficiency, aquaculture utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) and automation technologies for its operations.

Automation: In the field of aquaculture, they enhance efficiency by reducing labour costs and maximizing operations with the help of technology. For example, aquaculture uses sensors, AI, robotics, and automated feeding systems to optimize its sustainability.

Autonomous Monitoring: If we consider the efficiency of aquaculture, it is essential to monitor water quality, fish health, and environmental conditions. Autonomous monitoring doesn’t require humans and has only automated systems for the task.

Bacteria: Bacteria are tiny, single-celled organisms that have a significant impact on the total ecosystem balance in aquaculture.

Baseline Data: Baseline data in aquaculture refers to the initial set of data collected before implementing changes or starting a new operation. It serves as a benchmark for monitoring and evaluating water quality, fish health, growth performance, and overall farm conditions over time.

Benthic Zone: The lowest water stratum in which sediments settle down. Different benthic fish, along with crustaceans and plants, inhabit this zone because they establish the ecosystem balance.

Biofilter: The biofilter is a filtration device that converts toxic ammonia and nitrites produced in aquaculture systems through microorganisms into less dangerous nitrates. Water quality depends heavily on biofilters for their sustenance in the aquatic environment.

Biomass: The total weight of aquatic organisms measured in kilograms (kg) or tons per unit area is called biomass.

Biometric Sensor: If the aquaculture industry can monitor productivity and fish health through a device, it would be a great help in maximizing their operations. Accordingly, they use a biometric sensor, a device that helps to check the physiological and behavioral parameters of aquatic organisms.

Bioremediation: Biological entities such as bacteria, fungi, and plants provide the ability to clean pollutants from aquaculture environments. The process supports biodiversity while creating better water conditions across the environment.

Biosecurity: Adopted procedures within aquaculture facilities work to stop and limit the transmission of infectious diseases. Biosecurity requires substantial focus because it leads to the sustained health of fish and shrimp populations.

Bluetooth: A short-range wireless technology that is widely used for consumer electronics as well as applications that are applied across numerous fields, including agriculture, the health sector, etc. This method allows the exchange of data between connected devices over radio frequencies. Due to its low energy consumption and ease of pairing devices, Bluetooth technology is popular for use in small-scale monitoring systems.

Brackish Water: Water that possesses a salinity strength between freshwater and seawater. Brackish water environments provide the perfect conditions to grow tilapia and shrimp because their reproduction occurs best with moderate salinity levels.

Brackish Water Aquaculture: Brackish water has more salinity than freshwater but less than seawater, because it is a mixture of saltwater and freshwater. Accordingly, brackish water aquaculture, also known as coastal aquaculture, refers to farming aquatic organisms in water that is a mix of freshwater and seawater, such as estuaries, bays, coves, lagoons, and fjords.

Breeding Management: Breeding management means implementing organized plans to control the reproductive cycle in livestock populations and aquaculture facilities. The systematic approach to breeding management involves selecting parent stock, controlling mating schedules to monitor offspring health outcomes, and maintaining diverse genetic types. When applied to aquaculture operations, appropriate breeding programs yield better production output, enhanced disease resistance, and increased growth performance.

Broodstock: Libidinous fish or shellfish that aquaculture personnel maintain specifically for the generation of aquatic products. Farms must prioritize selecting fit and genetically enhanced broodstock to sustain active fish populations.

Buffer Capacity: The influence of bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxides in the water alters the water’s ability to resist changes in pH after adding acids or bases. Buffer capacity measures the water’s ability to resist these pH changes.

Cage Culture: Aquaculture farming through cage culture exposes aquatic animal populations to natural water environments by using confined containment structures suspended in lakes, rivers, and oceans. Better water circulation, coupled with natural feeding possibilities, is enabled through this method.

Calcium (Ca²⁺): Calcium is an essential source in aquaculture because it helps with bone development, shell formation, and muscle function in aquatic animals.

Calibration: For sustainable aquaculture, we often need to check the quality and accuracy of equipment in operations, a process known as calibration.

Carbon Footprint: In any field of occupation, they must always evaluate how it affects the environment, especially the total amount of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas) emitted by the industry, which is called a carbon footprint.

Catfish: As a freshwater aquaculture staple species, farming is done because this fish grows quickly and shows resistance to diseases, while tolerating different water environments. The farming of catfish is widely practiced throughout the United States and across Southeast Asian territories.

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD): The COD measurement indicates the amount of oxygen necessary for the oxidation of both organic and inorganic constituents in water, and is widely used in aquaculture and wastewater treatment. High COD values in water serve as essential indicators of pollution, and they negatively affect fish health and ecosystem balance as high pollutants deplete the dissolved oxygen in water.

Closed System: This aquaculture system utilizes a water recirculation process to treat water within its boundaries, resulting in minimal environmental impact and reduced water consumption. Sustainable and highly efficient operation makes up these systems.

Cloud Infrastructure: The concept of cloud infrastructure refers to internet-based virtual computing resources that contain storage functions, networking capabilities, and processing power. Remote data storage and analysis become possible through this system, which does not require users to maintain physical servers.

Cloud Storage: With the development of technology, the field of aquaculture started to use remote servers to perform aquaculture operations. For example, cloud storage helps to store, manage, and access data.

Co-culture: The simultaneous farming of multiple species in the same water system. A co-culture system increases resource efficiency and benefits overall environmental quality.

Conductivity: Conductivity means the water’s ability to conduct electricity, which is directly reflected in dissolved ions such as salts, minerals, and other inorganic compounds.

Connectivity: When aquaculture needs to increase efficiency and productivity, integrating the necessary digital technologies, including the Internet of Things and cloud-based solutions, is essential. The word “connectivity” suggests the combination of these to become more sustainable aquaculture.

Controller: The controller is the key element that monitors, adjusts, and automates the conditions for aquatic life.

Crustaceans: Aquatic animals with exoskeletons, such as shrimp, crabs, and lobsters. Industries use these aquatic animals because they present both economic benefits and nutritional value.

Cryptography: The scientific process of modern-day security of communication and data is known as cryptography, which uses encryption techniques to protect information. The security system provides endpoint protection for sensitive data that enables confidentiality alongside integrity and authentication of information that are vital to remote aquaculture management and IoT network control.

Current Data: The current data is the latest real-time data, which comes from monitoring devices such as sensors and logs. Systems integrated with current data enable quick decisions as well as system modifications, which are essential for constantly changing conditions found in smart farming operations and aquatic systems.

Cyanobacteria: Cyanobacteria are a type of microscopic bacteria that play a significant role in balancing aquatic ecosystems, found in both fresh and marine environments.

Dashboard: Farmers can monitor the overall quality and process of the aquatic environment from only one centralized platform because the dashboard can visually present real-time data and key performance indicators of the aquatic animals.

Data Aggregation: To make the functions of analysis and decision-making easier, farmers in aquaculture use a process called data aggregation, which can collect, compile, and summarize the data from multiple sources.

Data Analysis: Through data aggregation, we can collect, compile, and summarize data from multiple sources into a single dataset, making the aquaculture process easier.

Data Integrity: Data is critical in today’s aquaculture field, thanks to the development of modern technology, and it is necessary to ensure that data is not corrupted, lost, or modified. Data integrity prevents these corruptions and confirms its accuracy and reliability throughout its lifecycle.

Data Logger: To manage the quality and condition of water for aquatic organisms, aquaculture uses a data logger, an electronic device that automatically records environmental parameters over time.

Data Privacy: Sensitive information can be handled in aquaculture, including operational secrets, business tips, customers’ personal information, and employee details. Every employer has the responsibility to hold this information carefully, which is known as data privacy.

Data-Driven Decisions: These are the choices made after analyzing and interpreting objective data, rather than relying on intuition or guesswork. For example, modern aquaculture optimizes operations through the application of data related to fish development, water state changes, and nutrient utilization measurements to increase business outputs. Operations that base their strategies on well-evidenced data become more efficient while also becoming both predictable and economical. The system allows for constant betterment through both benchmarking processes and performance monitoring systems.

Deep Learning: Deep learning is defined as an area of machine learning that utilizes neural networks with multiple layers to analyze complex patterns in data and employs powerful techniques for analyzing large datasets. The technology demonstrates unique value in recognizing images, conducting predictive analytics, and managing intelligent systems that operate in aquaculture and environmental monitoring functions.

Device Integration: There should be a deep and properly understandable communication, and a connection should be maintained among the different technological devices used in aquaculture, which is referred to as device integration.

Digital Logbook: Instead of traditional record-keeping methods, aquaculture can use a digital logbook, an electronic system that records, tracks, and manages key information in aquaculture.

Dissolved Oxygen (DO): Water sustainability depends on dissolved oxygen (DO), which represents the vital amount of oxygen required for aquatic organisms to live and grow. Sufficient DO concentrations are vital to protecting farmed species from both stress and disease development.

Early Warning System: If any potential risks or conditions occur in a specific farm area, an early warning system can detect them and alert farmers to the risk.

Eco-Friendly: Aquaculture has a very close relationship with the environment, and it should be responsible for nature while minimizing harm to the natural world.

Ecosystem Health: A balanced and sustainable ecosystem can help biodiversity, ecosystem health, overall functionality, and the overall condition of an ecosystem, making it vital in aquaculture.

Efficiency: Achieving a specific target in aquaculture with minimal waste and without unnecessary effort or costs is called efficiency.

Electrical Conductivity (EC): The ability of a solution to conduct electricity is directly connected to its ion concentration levels. Aquaculture facilities need to monitor water salinity, mineral content, and pollution indicators through electrical conductivity measurements since they provide vital information about aquatic organism health.

Energy Consumption: The amount of energy used by an aquaculture business in its operations within a specific period is called energy consumption.

Energy Efficiency: Energy efficiency refers to the proper use of energy in various aquaculture processes.

Environmental Compliance: If the government sets rules and regulations to prevent harmful effects on the environment, farmers must follow these guidelines in their operations.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): The Environmental Impact Assessment provides a systematic method to predict the environmental effects of aquaculture projects. The implementation of EIAs supports the maintenance of operations that secure ecological sustainability.

Environmental Monitoring: Environmental monitoring provides specialists with the ability to check air, water, and soil conditions systematically, allowing them to assess environmental quality. The monitoring system ensures adherence to standards and will enable users to identify problems in advance, with a special emphasis on aquatic systems, including ponds, rivers, and fish tanks.

Ethernet: Ethernet is a system that connects multiple computers and creates a local area network using specific protocols.

Eutrophication: Natural water reservoirs receive excessive nutrients through agricultural runoff during the process of eutrophication. Algal blooms and oxygen depletion cause damage to aquaculture operations in these scenarios.

Extensive Aquaculture: Extensive Aquaculture means employing a farming approach where natural food supplies manage themselves through little intervention. Large ponds and lakes represent suitable areas for conducting this practice.

Fallowing: A traditional method used to replenish soil with nutrients and improve fertility.

Farm Automation: To maximize farming products and minimize waste, aquaculture uses machinery technology to perform operations with minimal human intervention.

Farm Management System: To make the operations efficient, farmers use a digital or manual system that eases the tasks of planning, monitoring, and managing agricultural operations, and it is called a farm management system.

Farm Operating System: In the modern world of aquaculture, farmers can make data-driven decisions easily through a Farm Operating System, a comprehensive management system that helps improve farm efficiency.

Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR): Aquatic animals use FCR to determine their effectiveness at converting fed food into body weight. Better aquaculture operations become feasible through lower Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) values.

Feed Management: Scientists develop feeding methods that enable the timing of feed amounts and the selection of appropriate food source diets for aquatic species with optimal results. The combination of proper feed strategies results in better growth results alongside minimal waste production.

Filtration System: A filtration system has the ability to separate unnecessary particles by filtering them through a filter, and they are widely used in the water purification process of aquaculture.

Finfish: The term separates fish species that have either bones or cartilage from those that have shells. Salmon, together with tilapia and trout, makes up the main species cultivated through aquaculture practices.

Fingerling: A fish reaches the maturity level that makes it a suitable candidate for aquaculture systems. Fisheries depend on fingerlings to restore fish numbers in populations.

Firmware: The basic software, known as firmware, operates directly within hardware devices to activate sensor control, as well as routing and controlling functions. The reliable functionality of cloud and dashboard communication within aquaculture or smart monitoring systems depends on firmware management.

Fish Disease Detection: Aquaculture employs several modern methods to identify fish diseases, minimizing the spread of infections among fish.

Fish Farming: If fish are raised and bred in controlled environments, such as tanks, ponds, or cages, for commercial purposes, especially for food, it is called fish farming or pisciculture.

Fishmeal: The processed fish materials, along with their byproducts, are transformed into fishmeal, a premium protein-based feed ingredient. Industrial fishmeal is a primary component of aquaculture feed, as it helps boost fish development and improve overall well-being.

Freshwater: The water in rivers, lakes, ponds, streams, and groundwater is freshwater, which is low in concentrations of dissolved salts and other minerals.

Freshwater Aquaculture: Freshwater aquaculture is the process of farming aquatic organisms in freshwater environments, such as rivers, lakes, or ponds. Raising and breeding freshwater organisms for commercial benefits can enhance food security, create job opportunities, and help to reduce carbon footprint, and the practice is efficient.

Geographic Information System (GIS): Aquaculture uses a Geographic Information System to maintain the quality of farms and make advanced decisions through spatial data and mapping technology.

Global Positioning System (GPS): An advanced system that utilizes a satellite network to provide accurate information by transmitting signals to GPS receivers. It helps aquaculture by updating farmers regarding environmental conditions and aquatic animal movements.

Grading: In aquaculture, sorting fish or shellfish by size helps create uniform growth and reduces system competition. The process of grading remains vital because it helps maximize production outputs.

Graphical Interface: Users access electronic systems by using a graphical interface that presents visual components, such as buttons, charts, and icons. The interface makes system control and sensor information analysis easier through a user-friendly design.

Green Technology: Regarding global trends, modern world businesses are focusing on green technology, which can be described as a type of technology that is more environmentally friendly in both its production process and supply chain.

Groundwater Monitoring: With the aim of reaching sustainable aquaculture, farmers research the quality, quantity, and movement of groundwater with time.

Growth Rate: Aquaculture measures the growth rate of aquatic animals in terms of size, weight, and length over a certain period.

GSM Network: One of the most famous technologies for mobile networks, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), is recognized as a prominent medium for mobile communication, supporting all voice calls, text messaging, and mobile data services.

GUI (Graphical User Interface): A Graphical User Interface, also known as a GUI, enables people to use graphical elements instead of typing commands, allowing them to interact with electronic devices through visible interfaces. In smart systems, GUIs help non-technical users interpret complex data.

Guidelines for Aquaculture: To maintain a healthy and sustainable aquatic ecosystem, farmers and governments need a set of rules and practices to manage aquaculture operations smoothly and responsibly.

Gut Health: Gut health refers to the proper functioning and harmony of the digestive system, particularly the microbiota, in animals and fish. Aquaculture producers can enhance gut health by giving proper feed alongside probiotic treatments, which create benefits for fish growth, immune functions, and feed conversion rates.

Hardware: The most essential items, such as ponds, aerators, filters, nets, and devices that farmers use in aquatic farming, are called hardware.

Harvest Management: To maintain the efficiency of aquaculture, farmers should collect the final harvest of the process successfully. So, they use various tactics, strategies, and ways to handle it while minimizing the mortality rate and quality loss.

Harvesting Techniques: The procedures that farmworkers use to gather fully mature aquatic species from their operations. Sand species and farm system types determine the appropriate harvesting methods, which can be netting, draining, or manual picking.

Hatchery: Such facilities serve as breeding houses for raising fish and shellfish during their initial stages of development. Hatcheries function as critical facilities that supply continuous streams of aquatic species during their early development stage for aquaculture needs.

Historical Data: Essential data from the past serves as recorded information, which aids in comparison and trend analysis, also enabling the training of predictive models. The aquaculture sector benefits from historical data that shows seasonal patterns, along with health trends and breeding outcomes, which are used to plan future strategies.

Hybrid Farming: To achieve good food production and be more adaptable to changing environmental conditions, farmers use hybrid farming, which combines various farming methods on a single farm.

Hydraulic Control: When farming processes are done with the help of water flow and pressure management systems, it is called hydraulic control.

Hydrographic Monitoring: Hydrographic monitoring includes assessments of physical elements, such as depth and flow, as well as water temperature and salinity. Research teams need hydrographic monitoring across aquaculture and environmental sciences to assess sites, manage habitats, and prevent floods.

Hydroponics: When there is less space and water for aquatic farms, farmers use the technique of hydroponics, in which they grow plants in a nutrient-rich water solution instead of a soil mixture.

Hygrometer: In aquaculture, humidity in a specific environment is measured using a hygrometer.

Hyper-parameter: Model designers make their first definitions of hyperparameters to establish the learning rules for upcoming training sessions before the process begins. The learning rate and the number of layers in a neural network are examples of hyperparameters. This provides better models to enhance prediction outcomes.

Hypoxia: When aquatic organisms show difficulty in breathing, confusion, and rapid heartbeat, they are probably suffering from hypoxia, the deficiency of oxygen in the body’s tissues.

Innovation: Generating new things that add value to the field may include new ideas for aquaculture, new techniques, new products, or new technology.

Installation Process: The process of setting up the operating system for aquaculture, including both software and hardware, is called installation.

Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM): The management of coastal zones operates through an integrated method that balances the ocean farm sector, conservation perspectives, and other waterfront activities. Through ICZM, practitioners can sustainably use resources while resolving economic conflicts.

Intelligent System: A system is described as intelligent when it possesses the ability to detect its surroundings, draw knowledge from information, and perform automatic decision-making or suggestion functions. Through AI combined with machine learning and data analysis, these systems make on-the-spot adjustments to tasks, such as water quality improvements.

Internet of Things (IoT): A network of interconnected physical devices consisting of sensors, home appliances, software, etc., to collect data and exchange it. This allows communication among interconnected devices without human intervention, leading to increased automation and efficiency of the task.

IoT Controller: The IoT controller is the mediator that handles the connection between IoT devices and other systems.

IoT Dashboard: To make informed decisions in aquaculture processes, farmers use an IoT dashboard, which serves as a visual interface and provides real-time monitoring of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and data.

IoT Sensor: An IoT sensor is a device used by farmers to gather data, such as temperature, humidity, light, or air quality, from the physical environment and send it back to a connected network.

Iron (Fe): Iron plays a crucial role in aquaculture, as it helps maintain water clarity and quality.

Irrigation System: An irrigation system can provide water to areas where rainfall is insufficient.

IT Infrastructure: The collective combination of hardware devices, software programs, and network components is referred to as IT infrastructure. This is necessary for businesses to operate their enterprise technology systems on a large scale. The technology enables smart farming, aquaculture monitoring, and industrial automation by storing, processing, and communicating data.

Jet Aeration: Farmers inject air or oxygen with the help of high-velocity water jets to increase the oxygen levels in the air.

Jitter Correction: To redress the time difference in communication systems, one of the most suitable techniques is jitter correction.

Joint Monitoring: Joint monitoring is a commonly used approach and is great for the collaborative process.

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation): With the development of technology, new inventions have been created to exchange data. JSON, or JavaScript Object Notation, is also a data format that makes human roles of reading and writing easier.

Juvenile Stocking: In aquaculture, the word “juveniles” refers to immature aquatic organisms that are in the larval stage but have not yet reached adulthood. So, farmers can release these juveniles into freshwater or marine environments to maximize the population.

Key Performance Indicator (KPI): When the field of aquaculture needs to measure effectiveness, such as fish survival rates, feed conversion ratios, and water quality levels, it can use a key performance indicator (KPI), as this is a measurable value that confirms whether an organization is achieving its specific goals or not.

Kilowatt Hour (kWh): One of the standard methods for detecting electricity usage in homes and businesses, a kilowatt-hour measures the energy consumption of one kilowatt (1 kW) over one hour.

Kinematic Viscosity: Farmers measure a certain fluid’s resistance to flow under the influence of gravity through the kinematic viscosity in units of square meters per second (m²/s).

Knowledge Transfer: Intending to help others learn and use knowledge effectively in different contexts, knowledge transfer is a process that shares information or skills from one context to another.

Kriging (Spatial Prediction): Kriging serves as a popular geostatistical technique that enables both spatial prediction and interpolation of sampled location data points. Kriging provides researchers with better accuracy to create accurate environmental and aquaculture maps of water quality and nutrient distributions.

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): LCD is a technology created as a flat-panel display, often seen in televisions, computer monitors, smartphones, and other devices.

Life Cycle Analysis: When farmers need to evaluate the overall environmental footprint of their business, they can get help from Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), as it is a technique used to measure the environmental impact on their aquatic ecosystems.

Limnology: When someone scientifically studies the freshwater systems, it is called limnology.

Load Balancing: To maintain a sustainable environment for aquatic organisms, aquatic farms use a process called load balancing, which helps manage demands within an aquaculture system.

Local Area Network (LAN): A local area network operates as a connection that links computers and devices within specific, limited sites, such as facilities or farms. The system enables quick sensor-server-interface communication without relying on internet connectivity to achieve better reliability and security features.

Logarithmic Data: The data that can be gathered from a logarithmic scale is referred to as logarithmic data.

Loop System: When elements or components are needed for continuous operations, a loop system, organized in a loop, is used in various contexts.

Low Power Consumption: When an aquatic farm uses the least electrical energy and saves more, it is said to have low power consumption.

Low Salinity: When the water has a relatively low concentration of dissolved salts, such as NaCl, like in freshwater or brackish water, it is called low-salinity water.

Low-Nitrogen System: When the nitrogen levels in water or air are low, it is referred to as a low-nitrogen system.

Machine Learning: A component of AI that enables computers to collect data and generate estimates without manual coding is called machine learning.

Magnesium (Mg²⁺): Magnesium helps not only to maintain the overall health of aquatic life but also improves water quality by contributing to the water’s hardness.

Maintenance Log: A system that keeps records of maintenance is the Maintenance Log.

Mariculture: When aquaculture is practiced in oceans or coastal areas, we refer to it as mariculture. For example, farming fish in marine water, such as prawns, oysters, bhetki, and mullets, for commercial benefits like food, food additives, household products, and biomedical items.

Microbial Balance: Microbial balance refers to the optimal ratio and diversity of microorganisms in an environment, such as the water or gut of aquatic animals. A proper microbial equilibrium functions to limit illnesses while enhancing intestinal function, along with reducing the need for antibiotics.

Modem: A modulator-demodulator, or a modem, can convert digital data into signals, and it is the device that serves as a mediator to connect computers or networks to the internet.

Molluscs: Aquatic invertebrates such as clams, oysters, and mussels. The organisms have nutritional significance, which drives their farming practice in coastal water regions.

Monitoring System: To detect the overall efficiency of an aquaculture operation, farmers use a monitoring system, as it can not only collect data but also analyze it.

Monoculture: The cultivation of a single species in an aquaculture system. The practice of monoculture increases susceptibility to diseases breaking out in aquaculture operations.

Multi-Parameter Sensor: A device that measures multiple physical, chemical, and biological parameters simultaneously is called a Multi-Parameter Sensor.

Multi-Species Aquaculture: In multi-species aquaculture, some aquatic organisms are cultivated in the same environment.

Mycotoxins: Some fungi produce toxic substances with harmful effects on health, which can also contaminate food, feed, and agricultural products.

Nanobubbles: The stable, small, and unique gas bubbles, which are less than 200 nanometers in diameter, are called nanobubbles.

Near-Real-Time Monitoring: Real-time environmental observation methods rely on data collection and processing systems with minimal delays to enable automatic environmental response tactics. The proactive management needs of aquaculture require quick action because rapid changes occur in environmental factors such as pH and oxygen levels.

Net Pen: The floating enclosure serves as a containment system for open-water aquaculture, allowing fish farmers to raise various species. The system of net pens allows aquatic species to flow naturally through the enclosure while having their movements restricted.

Network Configuration: Arranging the different parts of a computer network to facilitate data sharing is referred to as network configuration.

Network Security: When there is a need to confirm the availability of information, various practices, policies, and technologies are available to secure computer networks from unauthorized access and attacks.

ไนไตรต์ (NO₂⁻): The nitrogen cycle has a byproduct called nitrite, which is formed when Nitrosomonas converts ammonia into nitrite.

Nitrogen Cycle: The process of converting nitrogen to a usable form involves moving between the atmosphere, living organisms, and the soil in the environment.

Node System: A network of interconnected devices, such as computers, servers, and routers, that work together as a team to achieve a common goal is called a node system.

Notification System: A notification system can update the people, platforms, or systems regarding specific events, actions, or scheduled intervals.

Nursery: The purpose of a nursery facility is to grow juveniles of aquatic organisms until they reach sufficient size for moving on to grow-out systems. Statistical data demonstrate that facilities that breed juvenile aquatic life produce better survival numbers while preparing specimens for further growth.

Nutrient Management: The practice of controlling and managing aquaculture system nutrients enables healthy growth while preventing eutrophication. A correct balance of nutrients leads to better operational output across the farm.

Offshore Aquaculture: The cultivation of farming fish and other aquatic species in open ocean waters away from the coast. The implementation of this system leads to reduced environmental impact and provides access to clean water supplies.

Online Dashboard: The online dashboard provides an interactive web-based interface to view key data and perform metrics from linked systems. Users can track operations remotely with the help of interface systems that generate visual data insights through alerts, while also enabling the customization of dashboard components from any location.

Operating System: The basic and essential resources, such as human and machinery resources, are combined for the continuous process of farming aquatic organisms, known as the Operating System.

Operational Efficiency: When a farm achieves the maximum output with the least amount of input and waste, it is said to have operational efficiency.

Optical Sensor: The device that turns light signals into electrical signals and measures light to monitor conditions in farms is called an optical sensor.

Organic Farming: Instead of using chemical processes and materials, organic farming uses natural things for the entire process of farming to enhance sustainability.

Organic Load: To measure the level of organic pollution added to the environment, organic load can be used, as it is the amount of plant or animal waste available in a certain biosystem.

Overflow Monitoring: The process of managing excess liquids in a specific environment is called overflow monitoring.

Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP): The ability to accept or release electrons during a chemical reaction is measured by the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). It measures on a millivolt (mV) scale. For example, ORP measurements in aquaculture provide critical information about both water quality conditions and the effectiveness of disinfection practices, which enables the control of bacterial growth and maintains environmentally friendly aquatic conditions.

Oxygen Saturation: As the amount of oxygen is directly affected by the health of aquatic organisms, farmers check the amount of dissolved oxygen present in the water, which is called oxygen saturation.

Oxygenation: The process of increasing or adding oxygen to water or an environment is called oxygenation.

Parameter Monitoring: To observe the changes in specific variables, we can use the technique of parameter monitoring, which allows us to check the periodic measurements.

Passive Monitoring: Although there is no active interruption in the process, we can collect data and observe a system through passive monitoring.

Pathogen Detection: Detecting diseases caused by microorganisms is essential in aquaculture; pathogen detection is the process of identifying harmful microorganisms.

pH Levels: If we consider the balance of aquatic life, we should pay attention to the pH levels because they show the acidity or alkalinity of water.

ฟอสเฟต (PO₄³⁻): Mainly present as inorganic phosphate in water, PO₄³⁻ helps to measure the nutrient levels in water.

Phytoplankton: The aquatic ecosystem depends on small plant organisms, which create the fundamental base for food transmission. Solar energy from sunlight, with essential nutrients, serves as a source for phytoplankton to produce biological energy.

Pisciculture: Synonyms for fish farming, aquaculture, and mariculture indicate the process of fish breeding, production, and distribution.

Plug-and-Play System: Because of plug-and-play technology, hardware or software components become operational as users can activate them without complex settings. The easy implementation of advanced solutions through these systems makes them appropriate for emergencies that lack technical expertise.

Polyculture: Maintaining various species together with consistent management within one aquaculture system represents this practice. When practiced as polyculture, the system results in increased biodiversity alongside improved operational efficiency.

Pond Culture: Aquaculture has traditionally used fish-growing ponds controlled by humans. The aquaculture practice of pond culture supports the farming of catfish and tilapia species.

Pond Health: As pond health can maximize the productivity of aquaculture, the word suggests the total quality of a pond environment that directly affects the state of all aquatic organisms.

Predictive Maintenance: When a system fails, predictive maintenance (PdM) can help by making predictions using data analysis, sensors, and machine learning.

Predictive Modelling: Predictive modeling makes informed forecasts by analyzing previous data using statistical and machine-learning techniques.

Quality Assurance: Quality assurance confirms whether the final products are under the specific quality standards and requirements of certain products.

Quality Control: The process of testing and confirming whether the final product is free from issues and is consistent with the relevant quality and requirements is called quality control.

Quantitative Data: The data that can be measured and denoted by numerical terms is called quantitative data.

Quantum Efficiency (QE): When a device converts incoming photons into electrons, its efficiency is calculated by quantum efficiency (QE).

Quarantine Tank: When aquatic organisms need to remain isolated because they are new, sick, or injured, farmers use a separate tank as a temporary house for them. It is called the quarantine tank.

Query Optimization: As one of the major functions in database management systems, query optimization is the operation that maximizes efficiency while minimizing resource usage for a database query.

Queue Management: Queue management provides a standardized system for arranging data sequences with prioritization protocols, which directs efficient usage of resources throughout the process. The management of IT or data platforms relies on queue systems to achieve stable system performance, as it prevents bottlenecks during data processing.

Quick Deployment: Quick deployment refers to the quick installation and operational readiness of software or a system. The implementation of quick deployment for smart aquaculture or monitoring solutions ensures prompt investment returns, along with brief system interruptions for critical, time-dependent conditions.

Quorum Sensing: Bacteria use quorum sensing as their communication system to manage collective actions based on the number of members in their community. The study of quorum sensing by scientists in aquaculture enables them to regulate microbial harm while boosting the performance of probiotics and managing aquarium microbiology.

Raceway System: The system consists of a long, slender compartment designed for continuous water circulation, keeping water conditions optimal.

Real-Time Data: Users make timely decisions using real-time data because they are based on the most updated information, and users can use real-time data immediately as events occur.

Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS): A sophisticated water filtration system keeps water in a permanent cycle for improved environmental sustainability. The RAS technology enables farmers to raise fish at high population densities for farming operations.

Regulatory Compliance: Every company, organization, or individual should operate under regulatory compliance, as it ensures that the business is following necessary laws, practices, and industry standards.

Remote Access: With the development of technology, farms can be monitored and controlled through internet-connected devices, sensors, and software, even from a distant location.

Remote Monitoring: The connection of network-based technologies enables system monitoring and control activities from remote locations. The management of dispersed aquaculture facilities relies on this technology to reduce labor costs and improve safety through reduced personnel requirements.

Resilience: The ability to successfully face biological changes and recover from threats is called resilience.

Risk Assessment: To avoid potential challenges and make informed decisions to manage them, risk assessment helps evaluate potential risks and mitigate their negative impact on aquaculture.

Risk Management: Potential risks can occur in aquaculture, including environmental, biological, or financial risks. Risk management is in place to identify, assess, and minimize these potential threats, allowing for their successful management.

Root Cause Analysis (RCA): RCA functions as a structured approach to track and determine the original causes behind failures and problems. Using RCA in aquaculture farming operations allows operators to identify the primary causes of fish loss or crop production shortfalls through investigations of water quality conditions, equipment breakdowns, or procedural mistakes. Systematic resolution of true causes prevents future occurrences of the same problem.

Rotor Aerator: As aquatic organisms need a proper oxygen level to be healthy, farmers use a mechanical device called a rotor aerator to maximize the oxygen levels in water.

Routine Monitoring: To maintain a good environment for aquatic organisms to grow, farmers should regularly inspect their farming systems. It is called routine monitoring.

Salinity: The salt content in water determines the suitable species for cultivation. Fish health depends greatly on the precise regulation of water salt content.

Satellite Connectivity: A majority of remote areas use satellite technology to provide communication and data transmission services, which is called satellite connectivity.

Scalability: Scalability is described as the ability and capacity to change in size or scale. This scalability in systems plays a crucial role in aquaculture and IT, as it enables efficient and straightforward changes from small test beds to large commercial operations.

Sediment Trap: Aquaculture water systems use devices and structures to collect solids from the environment and remove them from the water. Such elements help stabilize water quality and minimize waste in farming areas.

Sedimentation: Water bodies experience a natural process where solid particles move towards their bottom layers. The excessive deposition of sediments corrupts both water purity and the natural ocean habitats.

Sensor Calibration: To maintain the maximum quality of aquatic farms, a process called sensor calibration is used to adjust and verify the accuracy of sensors that monitor dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, salinity, and ammonia levels.

Sensor Network: To gather real-time information from aquatic farms, farmers can utilize a sensor network. It is a system of interconnected sensors that can manage different environmental conditions of a farm.

Shrimp Culture: As one of the main sections of aquaculture, shrimp culture means the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of shrimp under controlled environments.

Shrimp Disease Detection: Aquaculture employs a range of advanced methods to detect shrimp diseases, aiming to reduce the transmission of infections among shrimp.

Shrimp Farming: Shrimp farming, also known as shrimp aquaculture, refers to the practice of cultivating shrimp in controlled environments, typically using ponds or tanks, for commercial purposes. This method involves breeding, raising, and harvesting shrimp for sale as seafood.

Smart Aquaculture: When using modern technologies for aquaculture operations and leveraging them to maximize product efficiency, it is called smart aquaculture.

Smart Farming: Smart farming is one of the advanced approaches used in agriculture. This technique utilizes artificial intelligence, sensors, and automation techniques to analyze and monitor data, increasing productivity, sensitivity, and sustainability in farming and aquaculture.

Smolt: The mature juvenile salmon enables itself to adapt to seawater as it prepares for its ocean migration after leaving freshwater. Smoltification represents a crucial developmental stage in the life cycle of salmon fish.

Software: A set of programs and instructions that facilitate data processing through computers to perform particular tasks. The intersection between data and control systems made possible by software allows for the automation of complex procedures.

Solar Power: Using the renewable energy source of sunlight to produce electricity using solar panels or solar thermal systems is called solar power.

Spawning: The method allows shrimp and fish, along with other aquatic life forms, to release eggs and sperm into the water for reproduction through fertilization. Spawning occurs both in nature and through human-induced stimulation during aquaculture.

Stocking Density: The total number of water-dwelling organisms placed within a set water volume constitutes the stocking density. Completely packed spaces require proper management systems to prevent both fish stress and disease outbreaks.

Substrate: The basic items that aquatic life forms use to survive include finding a dwelling, acquiring food sources, and securing their attachment. The material used as substrate in aquaculture systems can be either natural elements, such as sand or gravel, or artificially created components.

Telemetry: To make farm operations easier, farmers use remote sensing and telemetry technology, which can transmit real-time information within aquaculture systems.

Temperature: One of the significant factors that affects the metabolism, growth, reproduction, and complete health condition of aquatic organisms is temperature, which is considered a critical environmental factor in aquaculture.

Temperature Monitoring: In aquaculture, temperature plays a crucial role, directly affecting the health of aquatic organisms. So, farmers measure and track the temperature regularly to enhance the conditions of aquatic farms.

Temperature Sensor: To maintain a proper temperature level in farms, a temperature sensor helps farmers by giving a signal when the temperature levels change.

Threshold Level: A threshold value serves as a required quantitative measure to trigger a specific action, located between the maximum and minimum values, to initiate its execution. For environmental monitoring purposes, it establishes thresholds for pH, temperature readings, and ammonia concentrations, which generate fast reaction capabilities and intervention entries.

Tidal Monitoring: Especially in coastal farming, farmers need to monitor tidal patterns and water levels to continue their operations.

Tilapia: The fast-growing, strong freshwater fish species are commercially significant because aquaculture operators grow them due to their flexibility and high commercial value.

Time-Series Analysis: This is a statistical method that is used to discover patterns and deviations sequentially over time to assist in the monitoring of the environment as well as biological operations using historical data to forecast future scenarios.

Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity measures the water’s ability to resist pH changes. It is mainly recognized by the concentration of bicarbonates, carbonates, and hydroxides, and it helps protect aquatic life from harmful fluctuations.

Total Hardness: Intending to maintain a balanced chemistry, total hardness measures the exact amounts of calcium and magnesium in water.

Total Nitrogen: The amount of nitrogen that forms in water is called Total Nitrogen (TN).

Toxin Reduction: The overall process of creating a safe and healthy environment for aquatic organisms to grow by removing harmful substances from the atmosphere is called toxin reduction.

Trend Analysis: Trend analysis refers to the method of detecting sequential data movement patterns over time, and it allows for future forecasts. Analyzing trends in a system enables users to detect temperature rises, water quality degradations, and improvements in growth rate, allowing for proactive, data-driven decisions.

Triploidy: Scientific research developed this method to manufacture sterile fish suitable for aquaculture systems. The growth rates of triploid fish tend to be faster and, at the same time, reduce their impact on wild fish populations.

Turbidity: Turbidity detects particles and measures water clarity to ensure that light is available for photosynthesis.

Turnkey Solution: The basic installation of turnkey solutions produces a completely prepared operational system that users can start utilizing instantly. Users can use ready-to-use operational systems through combined hardware and software packages, as well as technical support programs, under build-to-order systems.

Uniform Distribution: The continued expansion of resources in aquatic farms throughout the entire aquaculture system is called Uniform Distribution.

Universal Sensor: A versatile sensor that can be used to gather comprehensive information to maintain the aquatic farms by measuring multiple environmental parameters at the same time.

Unmanned Monitoring: When environmental conditions are measured and monitored through automated technologies, it is called unmanned monitoring.

Upstream Management: The initial stages of production, including aquaculture breeding sessions and water preparation, earn the term upstream management status. Monitoring initial production processes results in easier operations for subsequent stages and maintains overall system coherence from the early stages onward.

Uptime: To measure overall operational efficiency, the time a system or equipment operates effectively without failure, also known as uptime, is crucial.

User Authentication: To prevent unauthorized people from accessing a company’s or business’s most sensitive data, we can use a user authentication system, which verifies identity before logging into a system.

User Experience (UX): The satisfaction that the people who work on the farm have is called user experience.

User Interface (UI): The visual and interactive elements that make navigation and operation of aquaculture easier are called the user interface, or UI.

Utilization Rate: The utilization rate in aquaculture is measured when available resources in aquatic farms are used to their full capacity.

UV Sterilization: An environmentally friendly way to minimize the harmful effects of microorganisms is UV sterilization, which uses ultraviolet (UV) light and does not use chemicals in the process.

Vertical Aquaculture: The production of aquatic species within vertically arranged or stacked aquaculture systems is a method. Vertical Aquaculture uses maximum spatial efficiency for practical use in cities.

Water Hardness: The levels of calcium and magnesium ions determine water hardness in any water supply. Aquaculture nurseries require optimal water conditions, which depend on properly managing water hardness.

Water pH: The level of acidity or alkalinity of water. Aquatic life requires a stable pH environment that matches their needs to grow and prosper properly.

Water Quality Management: Water quality management involves sustained observation and regulatory checks to maintain suitable environmental conditions for the survival and sustainability of aquatic organisms. The three essential elements for water quality control are pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature.

Wild Capture: Operations that add broodstock or larvae caught from the wild into aquaculture facilities constitute an integration practice in the industry. The method contributes to both expanding the genetic range and improving stock genetics.

Yields: The total production output from an aquaculture operation. The commercial aquaculture sector aims for high production yields as a primary business objective.

Zoning: Zoning refers to the official designation of specific areas that control aquaculture practices for environmental protection and effective resource management. The process of zoning enables the harmonization between environmental welfare and financial priorities.

Zooplankton: Small aquatic species provide essential dietary sustenance for many fish, as well as shellfish. Aquatic food networks heavily rely on zooplankton because they occupy a crucial ecological position.

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